Water resources carrying capacity in the Bali Island: A history and local wisdom for environmental conservation

Abstract

Bali is known for its unique nature and culture among tourists. Development and tourism activities have potential threats to environmental sustainability, as occurred in Tampaksiring Village, Gianyar. This research aims to analyze the water resource carrying capacity and local wisdom as inspiration for conservation actions. This research focuses on the Pura Tirta Empul’s springs in Gianyar, Bali. Data came from field observations, literature studies, and official statistical information belonging to the local government. The historical aspect of local wisdom is obtained from a comparative study that reveals a culture of environmental conservation, especially in water resources management. Water resource carrying capacity considers the discharge capacity and population, while local wisdom is critically examined against previous literature. This research shows that the Tampaksiring has a water deficit of 38-40 million liters per year. This phenomenon is triggered by logging forests and converting densely vegetated land into built-up land. The village of Tampaksiring has a local wisdom strategy for conserving water resources through Tri Hita Karana. This concept first appeared on November 11, 1966, at Konferensi Daerah l Badan Perjuangan Umat Hindu Bali. In the local wisdom, there are three important elements in human life relationships with God, society, and the natural environment. Tri Hita Karana provides valuable directions for environmental conservation and rehabilitation.